利用HYSPLIT模型分析麦蚜远距离迁飞前向轨迹

Forward trajectory analysis of wheat aphids during long-distance migration using HYSPLIT model

为了监测麦蚜远距离迁飞,本文利用HYSPLIT-4气流动力模型模拟空中不同高度麦蚜24h内的迁飞轨迹,分析其扩散方向和距离。结果表明:氦气球携带的10—100m各高度设置的粘板均捕捉到了麦蚜,各高度迁飞轨迹几乎一致,迁飞距离没有显著差异。100m高空起始迁飞的麦蚜,24h内最远模拟迁飞至达山西省太原市,最大直线迁飞距离494.43km。4月21—28日,豫西洛宁捕获点的麦蚜其中有6d由南向北迁飞。

Wheat aphids,predominantly Sitobion miscanthi（Takahashi）,Rhopalosiphum padi（Linnaeus） and Schizaphis graminum（Rondani）,are important insect pests which damaged about 16.7 million hm2 of wheat in north China in 2009.Understanding the long-range migration of wheat aphids is therefore of great importance to the area-wide pest management in wheat producing regions.Wheat aphids make long-distance migrations with the aid of the prevailing winds.The internet-based HYSPLIT（HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory） model of NOAA（the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,USA） provides a means of simulating the migration trajectories of small insects,such as aphids.The profile of aphid density was determined with a series of balloon-supported yellow traps located vertically at heights of up to 100 m above ground level,and migration trajectories of aphids at the various heights was simulated with the HYSPLIT model. The helium-filled balloon of about 55 m3 volume was tethered at height of 110 m by three chinlon cords.A fourth cord carried the series of sticky yellow traps（Jiaduo Scientific and Industrial Ltd） suspended beneath the balloon.The sticky traps took the formed of cylinders（diameter=25 cm,height=60 cm） attached to the vertical cord at intervals of 10 m.The balloon-suspended trapping system was operated between 21 and 28 April,2009 at Luoning（E111°39′11″,N34°22′58″） of Henan province.The aphids trapped were predominantly Sitobion miscanthi and Rhopalosiphum padi.The aerial density of aphids（number per trap） showed stratification according to height above ground. The forward trajectories of aphids starting at Luoning at 11h,at heights of 10 m,40 m,70 m and 100 m were simulated with the HYSPLIT model（http：//www.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php）.The simulated migration distance starting at a height of 100 m,with a duration of 24 h,was generally greater than trajectories starting at other heights.In most of the cases（6 out of 8） the aphids migrated towards the north and the maximum distance moved within 24 h was 500 km or 490 km on 28 April.