河南省某县HIV感染者和AIDS患者的营养状况调查及饮食干预

Nutritional Status Survey and Dietary Intervention for HIV Infected Individuals and AIDS Patients

目的了解河南省农村地区HIV感染者和AIDS患者的营养状况,为调整膳食结构、实施饮食干预提供基础资料。方法选择某艾滋病高发县年龄为30～65岁的健康人30名作为对照组,HIV感染者40人和AIDS患者42人作为病例观察组,分别进行体格测量、膳食调查和血液生化检测,所获数据采用统计软件SPSS13.0进行分析处理。结果各组调查对象谷类、蔬菜类和蛋类每日人均摄入量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),膳食结构以谷类为主,蔬菜水果摄入较低,豆类、奶类及其制品和畜禽肉类、水产品类摄入严重不足,多种维生素、矿物质摄入量不足,能量营养素供能比不合理,血中锌含量和白蛋白水平较低,血钙含量偏低更为普遍。结论由于该县多数HIV感染者和AIDS患者处在艾滋病的潜伏期和患病前期,调查对象整体营养状况尚可;膳食结构不合理,多种维生素、矿物质需要补充,能量和蛋白质(尤其优质蛋白质)需要增加;该类人群营养素摄取不能满足自身需要,实施饮食干预亟待进行。

[Objective] To understand the nutritional status of HIV infected individuals and AIDS patients in rural areas of Henan Province,and provide basic evidence for adjusting diet structure and implementing dietary intervention.[Methods]A total of 30 healthy people aged 30~65 years old were selected as the control group,40 individuals with HIV infection and 42 AIDS patients as the observation group.Physical examination,dietary survey and blood biochemical examination were conducted on the 2 groups.The data processed by statistical software SPSS 13.0.[Results]The differences of per-capita daily intakes of cereals,vegetables and eggs were significant between 2 groups（P0.05）.Diet structure was cereal-based,with lower intake of fruits and vegetables,seriously inadequate intake of beans,milk,poultry meat and aquatic products,unreasonable ratio of energy to nutrients,low levels of zinc in blood and albumin,and low serum calcium level.[Conclusion]As most patients infected with HIV and sufferers from AIDS are in the incubation or early period of AIDS,the overall nutritional status of the respondents are tolerable.Dietary structure is irrational.A variety of vitamins,minerals need to be supplemented.Energy and protein （especially high-quality protein） need to be added.Nutrient intake of such groups can not meet their own needs.The implementation of dietary intervention is urgent to carry out.