中国生态伦理传统与现代西方环境伦理学思维方式之比较

Comparison of Thinking Ways between China's Eco-Ethic Traditions and Modern Western Environmental Ethics

特殊的地理环境与语言形式规定了中国整体直觉的思维方式与西方严密分析的理性思维方式的基本差异。中国在长期的农业文明时代形成生态伦理传统中的过程性思维、事实与价值一体性思维、矛盾和谐论的辩证思维偏向;而西方在全球生态危机情势下对环境伦理学的探索中,也形成自组织思维,生态价值思维及人与自然在竞争中实现生态和谐的思维特征。这两种思维方式既具有一致性和互补性,也具有差异性。中国生态伦理学的未来发展应该以自身的思维方式为根基,同时也要借鉴西方环境伦理学中思维方式的合理因素。

This article holds that particular geographical environments and languages lead to the difference between the China＇s overall and intuitive ways of thinking on one hand and the Western rigorous analyzing and rational ways of thinking on the other hand.The long-term agricultural civilization has formed in Chinese eco-ethic traditions a way of process thinking,a fact-value integrative way of thinking,and a dialectical way of thinking on contradictions and harmonies,while in inquiry about the global ecological crisis,the Western environmental ethics has produced the self-organizing thinking,the ecological value thinking and the thinking of realizing harmony between nature and man through competition.In these two ways of thinking there are consistencies,complementarities and differences.The future development of China＇s eco-ethics should be based on its own way of thinking as a root and draw lessons from the ways of thinking in the Western environmental ethics.