中国工业行业全要素生产率增长的决定因素:1996-2007

Determinants on Total Factor Productivity of Chinese 34 Industries:From 1996 to 2007

已有大量文献应用随机前沿分析(SFA)或数据包络分析(DEA)方法对中国工业全要素生产率(TFP)变动进行计算及增长率分解,却未达成共识。基于DEA方法对MalmquistTFP指数进行测算和两层分解的最新进展,对中国1996-2007年的各细分工业行业生产率变动进行测算的结果表明:近12年来,中国各细分工业行业全要素生产率年均增长6.7%,并主要得益于技术前沿的快速进步(11%),但受阻于各行业规模效率下降明显(年均-3.5%),同时纯技术效率年均变动不大(-0.2%)。对行业截面的对比分析可以发现,中国机械电子类行业全要素生产率上升较快,而纺织业等传统优势行业和化工业等资本技术密集型行业的生产率变动低于全行业均值,属于中国工业技术进步的薄弱环节。

This study on the data envelopment analysis （DEA） makes an original, explicit measurement and a detailed decomposition of the Malmquist Index of 34 industries in China during the period of 1996--2007. It is found that the upgrading tendency （6.7G） of the Total Factor Productivity （TFP） in all the 34 Chinese industries attributed primarily to improving the technology frontiers （11 % ）. Industrial technological efficiency at the same time was declining during this period as a result of the deteriorating scale efficiency （ -- 3.5 % ）. The authors, by comparing the Malmquist Index within these industries, argue that the electronic and mechanical industries have made great progress in production while the TFP change rates of textiles and chemistry industries were lower than the average.