不同移栽期和灌水量对晚熟水稻生长发育及产量的影响

Effect of different transplanting time and irrigation amount on growth and yield of late-maturing rice

为缓解水资源短缺,增强水稻种植对气候变化的适应性,2008~2009年以晚熟水稻品种辽星1号为试材,在沈阳农业大学试验基地进行了避开春季用水高峰延迟移栽和减少生育期间灌水量,提高水分生产效率的试验,研究了5月5日、5月20日、6月5日三个移栽期和全生育期旱管理（干旱灌溉）、全生育期15~30 mm水层（＂浅、薄、湿、晒＂灌溉）、全生育期湿润＋浅水＋干湿交替管理（间控灌溉）和全生育期1~3 cm水层（常规灌溉）几种灌溉处理条件下晚熟水稻品种辽星1号生长发育及产量的变化。结果表明：6月5日移栽,常规灌溉条件下,干物质量、穗长、千粒重及籽粒灌浆速率最大,5月5日与5月20日移栽,均为间控灌溉条件下最大;各移栽期不同灌溉水平的分蘖数均呈单峰曲线变化;6月5日移栽的间控灌溉的灌水量比5月5日与5月20日移栽分别节水658.64、522.86 m3/hm2,节水效率为6.52%、5.25%,但产量降低,单产为9 297.15 kg/hm2,比5月5日与5月20日移栽减产幅度分别为6.54%、12.70%。

Climate changes led to gradual reduction of agricultural water and caused lack of water for most of crops,especially for rice production.In order to alleviate the shortage of water resources and enhance the rice planting adaptability to climate changes,experiments were carried out on the test base of Shenyang Agricultural University in 2009 using late-maturing rice variety Liaoxing No.1 as test material to avoid the spring water peak by delay transplanting and reducing the quantity of irrigation water during rice growth period to improve production efficiency.The test set three transplanting time（May 5,20 and June 5） and four irrigation treatments（drought irrigation,shallow,thin,wet and dry irrigation,intermittent irrigation and normal irrigation）.The growth,development and yield of Liaoxing No.1 changed under several irrigation conditions.The results showed that the dry weight,ear length,1000-grain weight and grain filling rate were largest under regular irrigation of transplanting on June 5,and which were maximum when rice transplanted on May 5 and 20.Tiller numbers showed a single peak curve at different transplanting stages.Under intermittent irrigation the irrigation amount of transplanting on June 5 was less than that of transplanting on May 5 and 20,the interval were respectively 658.64 m^3/hm^2 and 522.86 m^3/hm^2,the water saving amount were 6.52% and 5.25%.The yield of transplanting on June 5 under intermittent irrigation was 9 297.15 kg/hm^2,which decreased by 6.54% and 12.70% compared to that of May 5 and 20.