流域水生态承载力研究的起源和发展

ORIGINATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF AQUATIC ECOLOGICAL CARRYING CAPACITY IN THE BASIN

流域水生态承载力的研究是近几年来从水生态的角度解决流域可持续发展问题的有效手段。通过文献综述的方法,从流域水生态承载力的起源和发展入手,对流域水生态承载力的理论基础,与相关已有研究的区别和联系进行了探讨,并对流域水生态承载力的进一步研究进行了展望。从起源上看,承载力理论、可持续发展和生态足迹理论、流域生态学理论分别是流域水生态承载力研究的基础、落脚点和支撑。从发展上看,水生态承载力是水资源和水环境承载力的有机结合和深化。从测度和评价方法上看,第一生产者的净初级生产力方法、生态足迹法、可持续发展指标法和生态系统健康等生态承载力的测度方法为流域水生态承载力的评价奠定了基础。目前流域水生态承载力的研究尚处于初级阶段,今后不论是在理论探讨还是模型应用中均应进一步体现人类与自然和谐共存的根本目的以及水体质、量辩证统一的规律,通过物质、能量、信息、空间和时间五位一体的研究方法,使流域水生态承载力的研究更具有实践意义。

Research on the watershed ecological carrying capacity is an effective measure of settling sustainable development problem at basin scale from the perspective of water ecology in recent years.Through reviewing on previous literature,the origination and development of aquatic ecological carrying capacity in the basin are discussed;the theoretical foundation and previous related research are investigated;the further research is forecasted.Originally,the theory of carrying capacity is the foundation of the research;the theory of sustainable development and ecological footprint are the objectives;the theory of watershed ecology is the support.In the research progress,water ecological carrying capacity is the dynamic integration and deepening of water resource and environment carrying capacity.From the perspective of estimation and assessment,approaches in evaluating ecological carrying capacity such as net primary production,ecological footprint,sustainable development and the health of ecological system are the primary approaches of measuring,which is the basis of estimating watershed ecological carrying capacity.Currently,the research on the aquatic ecological carrying capacity in the basin is at the initial stage.In the future,it should better reflect the fundamental aim of the harmonious coexistence between human and nature and the dialectical integration of quality and quantity.Meanwhile,the employment of the research approach which integrates material,energy,information,time and space is expected to make the research on the aquatic ecological carrying capacity in the basin more practical.