阿拉善黄鼠鼠疫疫源地蚤类组成及区系分布

The flea species composition and fauna distribution in Spermophilus alaschanicus plague foci

目的通过对甘宁黄土高原阿拉善黄鼠鼠疫疫源地所获蚤类进行整理,为鼠疫防治提供蚤类流行病学信息。方法应用流行病学描述研究方法,按《中国动物志.昆虫纲.蚤目》对该疫源地内蚤类组成系统整理并进行综合分析。结果在阿拉善黄鼠鼠疫疫源地内共发现蚤类62种(亚种),隶属7科26属;根据行政区划在各县(区)疫源地内广泛分布的蚤有6种(亚种),各行政区间特有蚤种为海原县4种,西吉县1种,平川区3种,会宁县15种。结论方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种最常见,数量稳定,检菌率高,无论在鼠体、洞口洞干、窝巢中均占优势,是该疫源地主要宿主阿拉善黄鼠的主要传播媒介,该蚤还在其它鼠类和鸟类体表寄生;特别是鸟类寄生蚤的交换,在传播鼠疫中有着极其重要意义,是研究鼠疫动物流行病学值得探讨的问题。

Objective To analyze and sort the fleas in the plague foci of Spermophilus alaschanicus in the Ganning loess plateau for providing the epidemiological data on fleas for the control and prevention of plague. Methods The methods of descriptive epidemiology was used for the integrated analysis of the composition of fleas based on the data sorted according to the Siphonaptera, Class Insecta, the Chinese Fauna. Results A total of 62 species of fleas （subspecies） , which belonged to 26 genera and 7 families, were found in the plague foci of S. alaschanicus. There were 6 species （subspecies） of fleas that were widely distributed in the foci of all the administrative divisions （countries） of the region; There were some specific flea species in some each administrative divisions, there being 4 species specific to Haiyuan county, 1 species to Xiji, 15 to Huining county and 3 to Pingchuan district. Conclusion Citellophilus tesquorum mongolicus was the most common and stable species with a high detection rate, being dorminant in the bodies of mice, burrows and nests. So it is the major vector of the host S. alaschanicus in the foci with other rodents and birds also serving as its hosts. In particular, the exchange of fleas parasitic on birds is of great importance in the transmission of plague, which is worth exploring in terms of the epidemiology of animal plague.