计算机伦理学的道德方法论启示探析

The Inquiry of the Enlightenment of Methodology of Computer Ethics

信息技术领域出现了反思转向,与之相对应,在道德哲学领域出现了实践转向。无论是一般伦理学还是应用伦理学,就道德方法论而言主要有对立的两派,一派是道德一般论者,一派是道德特殊论者。道德一般论者提出的工程模式倡导理论立场,而道德特殊论者则反对这样的立场。这两种立场都是比较极端的。"广泛反思平衡方法"是第三种道德方法论。它既可以克服一般主义工程模式的缺陷,也可以弥补特殊主义和反理论的不足,这正是其"平衡"一词体现出来的内在哲学意蕴。在从事计算机伦理学的研究中,计算机伦理学家或是道德哲学家们也要贯彻"广泛反思平衡"这一方法论,只有这样才能使得计算机伦理学的研究获得真正的辩护。

Coinciding with the reflective turn in the information technology there has been a practical turn in moral philosophy.The main moral methodology antagonism both in the general and applied ethics is the moral generalists and moral particularists.Moral generalists insist on the engineering model which represents the theory stand,but moral particularists against this stand.Both two stands are extreme.＂Wide reflective equilibrium＂ is the third methodological alternative which can overcome the shortcomings of the engineering model of generalism and also remedy the shortcomings of the particularism and antitheory.This reflects the intrinsic philosophical sense of the term ＂equilibrium＂.In the study of the computer ethics,computer ethicists and moral philosophers should adopts the ＂Wide reflective equilibrium＂ methodology through which can provide the true justification of the study of computer ethics.