汉江中下游新石器文化遗址的空间格局

Spatial Pattern of the Neolithic Cultural Sites in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Hanjiang River

用趋势面方法讨论汉江中下游地区新石器时期大溪文化(6.3～5.0 ka B.P.)、屈家岭文化(5.0～4.6 kaB.P.)和石家河文化(4.6～4.0 ka B.P.)遗址空间过程,发现汉江中下游地区新石器文化的空间演化大致分两阶段:(1)屈家岭文化时期遗址沿汉江干流、涢水向上游扩散;(2)石家河时期文化遗址则以收缩为特征,主要集聚在丹江-枣阳-随州一线。结合本区中全新世气候和地貌变迁过程,认为汉江中下游遗址分布格局和遗址高程变化主要受古洪水和湖面扩张胁迫影响,遗址扩散与集聚过程特征和农业生产、文化融合等社会因素密切相关。

Using trend surface method,this article discusses spatial process of the Neolithic Site i.e.Daxi culture（6.3-5.0 ka B.P.）,Qujialing culture（5.0-4.6 ka B.P.） and Shijiahe culture（4.6-4.0 ka B.P.）in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjaing Rvier.This research found that the spatial evolution of the Neolithic culture was divided into two stages：（1） Qujialing sites were diffused towards upstream along the Hanjiang River and the Yunshui River;（2） Shijiahe Cultural sites were instead of shrink in the zone of Danjiang-Zaoyang-Yunshui belt.In relation to the Holocene climate and landscape change process,we find that the elevation of the sites above the river was close to the changes of ancient floods and lake area.Therefore,this paper suggested the spatial-temporal distribution of sites is mainly controlled by paleo-floods and lake-expanding,meanwhile social factors e.g.agricultural style and cultural integration also play important roles.