祖籍、记忆与群体认同的变迁——大理白族古代家谱的历史人类学释读

Ancestral Home,Memory and Group Identification Changes——Historical Anthropological Study on Ancient Family Trees of Bai Ethnic Group in Dali

从明代开始,云南大理白族地区普遍流行祖先来自南京的说法,很多古代和现代的学者都认为这是当地少数族裔在为了抵抗民族歧视而采取的"冒籍"行为。在人类学看来,家谱书写表明对于姓氏和家族的忠诚逐渐取代原来的族群观念成为认同的主要表现形式,对祖籍的坚持其实也是一种重新界定自己身份的行动,通过建立一套新的记忆体系,大理人逐渐放弃了旧的身份,从明初被视为化外的"蛮夷"最终成为与王朝的历史有密切联系的汉人后裔。

It was widely accepted that the ancestors of Bai ethnic group in Dali were from Nanjing from the time of the Ming dynasty.Some ancient and today＇s scholars believe that it is a kind of impersonating which local ethnic groups created for the resistance to ethnic discrimination.From anthropological perspective,the writing of family trees indicates that the loyalty for name and family has been a main from of identification instead of previous group values,and however,their view for ancestral home is an action to re-define their identification.Through building a set of new memory system,Dali people has given their old identification away gradually.We can see that ＂barbarian＂ of the Ming dynasty finally has changed to Han people who closely related to the dynasty.