信访制度的性质、功能、结构及原则的承接性研究

Study on Continuity of Characteristic,Function,Structure and Principle of Inquiry System

信访的性质是确定信访制度功能的前提和基础,根据信访的性质和功能来定位制度的结构,从而最终建立制度的基本原则体系。这是一个有着极强逻辑关联的制度体系。首先,信访制度具有四种属性:信访是重要的民主机制;信访是三位一体的"免疫"机制;信访是"反思-改错"的"再处理"机制;信访是国家伦理的重要检验标尺。其次,信访具有实现民主、理性反思、高度整合、保障制度安全、防范风险以及保守国家伦理价值的诸种功能。再次,建立一个与立法、执法、司法机关相平行的独立的信访委员会,赋予其一定的软权力和硬权力,使其以三角型裁判结构来应对大量信访事件。最后,对信访制度应当以独立、综合、被动、穷尽救济为基本原则进行重新调整。

For the inquiry system,its characteristic is the premise and basis of its function and its characteristic and function locate its structure,forming together its basic principle system ultimately,which is a system of strong logic connection.Firstly,there are four characteristics and they are the important democratic mechanism,the trinity immune mechanism,and the reflection-correction reprocessing mechanism,as well as the vital testing scale of national ethics.Secondly,there are several functions,which are democracy realization,reasonable reflection,high integration,system safety guarantee,risk prevention and national ethical value preservation.Thirdly,paralleling to legislation,enforcement and judicature,an independent inquiry committee with some soft power and hard power would deal with the mass of inquiry events in a trigonometric judge pattern.Lastly,the inquiry system needs adjustments in principles of independence,comprehension,and passiveness,as well as relief exhaustion.