唐山市区环境空气质量功能区划研究

Study on ambient air quality functional regionalization of Tangshan urban area

结合大气环境质量数值模拟技术,采用模糊综合评价法实现了唐山市区环境空气质量功能区划的定量研究。在模糊综合评价过程中,首次引入污染贡献敏感及物流因子,确定了风向、环境质量等因子的新型计算方法,并采用空气环境质量模型的网格化污染物浓度。针对定量结果,提出了专家咨询法与基于敏感分析技术的方案对比评估法来对其进行修正评估以得到合理可行的推荐方案。结果表明:二类区适宜分布在丰润区东部、路北区北部、丰南区北部、古冶区唐家庄工业区及开平区东南部。在排放等量污染物的情况下,推荐方案下的区域环境污染物浓度大幅降低,仅占现行区划的40.94%。

This paper aims to use fuzzy comprehensive assessment method which combined with sensitive area identification arid logistics analysis to regionalize the ambient air quality function and optimize the regionalization result. The research is focused to the urban area of Tangshan. As is known, the air pollution issue, caused by many yeas rapid urbanization process and economic development, has become one of the major constraints for urban and regional socio-economic development. As an important part of regional air environmental man- agement, the ambient air quality functional regionalization has drawn more and more attention. This paper established an ambient air quality function regionalizing methodology, and it was applied to the study of environment functional regionalization in Tangshan. The economic and social development of Tangshan was surveyed as the basis for this research. For the analysis convenience, GIS was used to divide the urban area of Tangshan into a number of 3 km × 3 km grids. We have set up a new factors system based on the present research. The factors of pollutant concentration contribution and logistics were used for the first time. GIS was applied to extract the values of most of the factors. Besides that, the result simulated with an integrated CMAX-MM5 modeling approach was adopted as the factor value of pollutant concentration contribution. The accuracy of the pollutant concentration was improved by the model. After the factor values were obtained, in order to get the fuzzy comprehensive assessment result, we have established the representative values of the classification. The membership function for every grid was calculated as well. Based on the fuzzy comprehensive assessment result and interrelated regionalization principles, plus the opinions collected from the expcrtise, an amended result was obtained. In order to get a more reliable output, the amended result and current regionalization were contrasted by sen- sitive evaluation. The final result showed that the amended result is better than current regionalization. Location of the third type function should be planned in the east of Fengrun district, the noah of Lubei district, the north of Fengnan district as well as Tangjiazhuang of Guye district and the southeast of Kaiping district, where the regional contribution concentration is 19.597 × 10^-9 which is less than half of the current regionalization 47.869× 10^-9. Meanwhile, in the case of equivalent emission of pollutants, the regional pollutant concentration is 40.94% of the current regionalization if the recommended regionalization of this study was adopted. The recommended result accorded well with the reality of Tangshan and it is appropriate for the protection of environment and harmonious socioeconomic development of Tangshan.