基于本质安全目标的化工厂装置平面布局优化

On the optimization of the chemical plant installation layout based on inherent safety

提出了一套化工厂装置平面布局优化方法,以实现布局的本质安全化。简要阐述了本质安全的理念及其在布局设计中的应用,发现引导词限制影响具有较好的适用性。多米诺效应的存在影响布局的本质安全性,因此重点提出了用初始没备多米诺危险指数与目标设备多米诺危险指数来评估布局的本质安全性,指数考虑了初始设备发生不同事故时对不同目标设备的本质安全距离。对指标值较大的设备采取本质安全与被动安全并用的方法,以有效提高布局的本质安全性。实例分析表明,建立的化工厂装置平面布局优化指标体系具有适用性。

The present paper aims to introduce its authors＇ idea on the optimization of the chemical plant installation layout based on inherent safety. The idea of inherent safety and its applicability principles have been briefly analyzed with its guideword limitation of effects taken as the principle for the best applicability. In introducing our optimization idea, we have first of all proposed emphatically the Domino effect affecting the inherent safety of layout. Along with the focus to be stressed, we have analyzed and provided the chief chemical plant layout optimization indices as follows. First of all, the pri- mary scenarios should be triggered by the primary units and identified with the corresponding escalation vectors determined. The target units should be divided into atmospheric equipment and pressurized vessels. And then, the inherent safety distances for the primary scenarios caused by the primary equipments with respect to the secondary equipments were calculated on the basis of the available threshold values for escalation. At the same time, the characteristic distances for the primary scenarios are to be readily estimated by the consequence analysis of Quantitative Risk Assessment （QRA）. Domino hazard index （H） for the primary unit as a Domino trigger towards the target unit could be worked out by using a series of formulas. Subsequently, the primary unit Domino hazard index （P） and the target unit Domino hazard index （T） should be gained by adding the Domino hazard index （H） together in a certain way to show the Domino hazard of the layout. Thus, the integration of inherent safety strategies and passive protection measures should be jointly adopted to the units with higher values of P and T to make the layout inherent safety protection effectively. Thus, it can be seen that the indices developed in this paper can be used to analyze a storage area which includes four tanks. The results and the measures proposed in this paper actually demonstrate the applicability of the indices themselves.