某高层建筑条形走廊排烟口布置方式的研究

Research on arrangement styles of smoke vent for corridors in high-rise buildings

火灾中烟气具有很高的温度和毒性,是人员安全的最大威胁。高层建筑发生火灾时,走廊是烟气扩散的重要途径,同时也是人员逃生的必经之路。通过建立高层建筑内烟气流动的数学模型,采用κ-ε双方程三维紊流模型,利用Fluenl软件对高层建筑火灾时不同排烟口布置方式下的机械排烟进行模拟。对比分析了高层建筑条形走廊内单排烟口置于走廊顶部、侧壁和采用双排烟口时的机械排烟效率以及走廊内的烟气扩散状况。结果表明,排烟口置于顶棚时比排烟口置于侧壁时排烟效率高近10%,采用双排烟口比单排烟口排烟效率高约7%。在前室门附近设置排烟口,一方面减少了新鲜空气向火场的输送,提高了排烟效率;另一方面,可以在前室门附近的走廊内形成一段危险性较小的区域,有利于人员安全疏散。

In high-rise building fires, the most immediate threat to passengers＇ life is not the direct exposure to fire, but the smoke inhalation because it contains hot air and toxic gases. In high-rise buildings, corridors are the important way of smoke diffusion and it is the only passage for evacuation. Mathematical model of smoke flow in high-rise building is established and κ - ε types of three-dimension turbulence model are used in the simulation of smoke diffusion in transverse passageway of high-rise building fires. FLUENT is used to simulate the efficiency of mechanical smoke exhaust while the arrangement styles of smoke vent arc varied. Comparative analyses are conducted on the smoke exhaust efficiency and smoke diffusion in the corridor. The results show that when smoke vent is set on the top of corridor, the efficiency of mechanical smoke exhaust of the former is about 10% higher than the later. Meanwhile, the efficiency of double smoke vents is 7 % higher than single vent. While a smoke vent is set nearby antechamber, it can reduce the movement of fresh air towards the fire scene and thus the exhaust efficiency can be improved. A smokeless zone is formed in the corridor nearby antechamber and it is helpful for the evacuation.