高原与平原地区油池火燃烧特性对比试验研究

Contrast experimental study on the combustion characteristics of the pool fire in the plateau and plain areas

为研究高原环境液体燃烧时火焰特性参数与平原地区的差异,在拉萨和合肥进行了汽油油池火燃烧试验。结果表明,在燃料类型和油盘尺寸相同的条件下,两地汽油和柴油的质量燃烧速率之比等于大气压力之比,且高原地区的汽油火火焰比平原地区细长。随着高度的增加,高原地区羽流中心温升的下降幅度减小,且幅度小于平原地区。相同燃烧速率下,高原地区小尺寸油盘的油池火高度和中心温度大于平原地区,McCaffrey羽流温升公式不适用于计算低压环境下小功率火源。研究表明,由于氧气含量和压力的不同,高原地区燃料的燃烧特性与平原呈现不一样的规律。进一步研究环境压力对燃料燃烧特性的影响规律,可为研究高原火灾发展规律及火灾防治技术提供理论指导。

This paper intends to introduce our contrast experimental investigations on the combustion characteristics of the pool fire in the plateau and plain areas in hoping to find the difference in their combustion characteristic features. The experimental results prove that, in the plateau area, for the same oil type and size, the burning rate tends to be slower with the burning time longer than in the plain; however, the ratio of the burning rate in stabilization phase in the two cities has been found equal to the ratio of atmospheric pressure for gasoline and diesel. The flame heights of gasoline fire prove to be much more slender in the plateau area than in the plain with the tests done with various volumes of oil pans. So far as the flame temperature is concerned, it is also found that in the plateau it tends to be lower than in the plain area for the same height in the continuous regions. With the increase of the height, the flame centerlinc temperature descended in the plateau smaller than in the plain. With the same burning rate but not the same size of pan in the two places, the plume height of pool fire in the plateau was higher than in the plain and the centerline temperature was higher. The McCaffrey formula of plume temperature was established in the conventional pressure, did not apply to calculate fire plume of smaller beat-releasing rate in the low pressure environment due to different environmental conditions.