维持性血液透析患者亲属焦虑状态及其影响因素的分析

Anxiety disorder and its related factors of relatives of maintenance hemodialysis patients

目的分析维持性血液透析(MHD)患者亲属焦虑状态及其影响因素。方法选取在血液净化中心行规律血液透析患者亲属54例及同期在肾脏内科病房住院非透析患者亲属40例作为调查对象,采用焦虑自评量表评估调查对象的焦虑状态,分析焦虑情绪与年龄、性别、文化程度、职业、与患者关系、照料时间、患者透析时间、透析费用的关系。结果 66.7%的MHD患者亲属处于不同程度的焦虑状态,显著高于同期肾脏内科病房住院非透析患者亲属17.5%焦虑发生率(P<0.01);照料时间、透析费用对焦虑情绪有显著影响(PP<0.05),MHD患者透析时间对亲属焦虑情绪有显著影响(PP<0.01)。结论 MHD患者亲属焦虑情绪发生率较高,并且受照料时间、透析费用及患者透析时间影响。MHD患者亲属精神心理问题应引起医务人员的重视,并积极给予心理支持和关怀,以减少其焦虑情绪的发生率。

Objective To explore the anxiety disoreder and its related factors of relatives of maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods Fifty-four relatives of maintenance hemodialysis patients,forty relatives of hospital patients who do not undergo hemodialysis are included in this study. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale（SAS） was used for the psychosocial evaluation.Univariate analysis was performed to determine the effects of the variables including age,gender,employment status,education,dialysis status and so on on mental status.Results The scores of SAS of relatives of maintenance hemodialysis patients were significantly higher than those of hospital patients（P〈0.01）.Univariate analysis demonstrated that the length of caring time and the cost of treatment contributed negative effects on mental status（P〈0.05）.The length of treatment time had significantly negative effects on psychological symptoms（P〈0.01）.Conclusions The prevalence rate of anxiety disorder in relatives of patients with maintenance hemodialysis was notablely high.The length of caring time,the cost of treatment and the length of treatment time are the risk factors for anxiety disorder.Health care delivers should pay more attention to the mental state of patient′s family and give them more mental support in order to reduce the incidence of anxiety disorder.