云南普洱茶产地土壤理化性状分析

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL IN Pu-ERH TEA FARMS IN YUNNAN PROVINCE

选择云南省普洱茶产地普洱市、临沧市和西双版纳州为研究区,对不同的土壤类型和土壤各层的理化性质进行分析,并结合茶园的生长情况,研究了土壤理化性质的适宜性.结果表明：1）普洱茶主产区各种土壤类型中,赤红壤的N、P、K的质量分数（w）均偏低,对茶树生长的限制因素较多.黄壤的全P、全K含量丰富,适合茶树生长的有利条件较多.其他土壤类型中,K和P是茶树生长的主要限制因子;2）表、心、底土层的质地一般为粉砂质壤土,是pH范围为4~5的微酸性土壤,存在土壤表层酸化的趋势;3）土壤有机质层深厚,w（全N）达到1%~2%;w（速效P）较低,且从表、心、底土层逐渐减少.w（K）较高,w（全K）平均值在0.6%~1.0%,w（有效K）在土壤表层的积累较明显;微量元素中,Fe、Mn元素w较高;4）有效P、有效K及微量元素Fe和Mn对普洱茶茶叶的生长有重要的作用.

Soil is the basis for high yield and quality of tea.There are some major Pu-erh tea farms in Pu-erh,Lincang and Xishuangbannaer in Yunnan province.Physical and chemical properties of different soil types and layers were investigated,and compared with tea production.It was found that Yellow soil contained more P and K,while other soils contained little,so became a limiting factor.Surface soil,subsoil and bottom soil were all sandy loam soil,with a pH from 4-5,with acidification towards soil surface.Mass fraction of organic and total N in each layer was higher.Mass fraction of available P was lower,decreasing gradually from surface to bottom soil.Mass fraction of K was higher,with marked accumulation towards soil surface.Mass fraction of Fe and Mn was higher.It is concluded that available P,K,Fe and Mn have important roles in the growth of Pu-erh tea.