基于IMO标准的客轮正常状态下疏散实证研究

Empirical Study on Passenger Ship Evacuation Based on IMO Standards

利用国际海事组织所发布的针对新客轮及现有客轮的疏散分析准则IMO MSC.1/C irc.1238对一艘客轮在正常状态下的疏散数据进行统计和分析。判断其疏散效率和安全性,找到疏散瓶颈,提出改进方案,以提高其在火灾等非正常状态下的疏散效率。从实际出发,选择国内热门旅游航线上的一艘四层客轮进行实验,获取其结构布局、人员分布、乘客正常状态下疏散时各个位置的行人密度和速度,利用IMO标准中所规定的客轮安全疏散时间计算方法对该客轮的疏散数据进行计算和分析,找到疏散中的瓶颈和潜在危险,提出相应的缓解措施,并对新造船的设计提出建议,以提高该船在诸如火灾、碰撞等非正常状态下疏散的效率和安全性。

Based on the guidelines of passenger ships evacuation analysis published by International Maritime Organization——IMO MSC.1/Circ.1238,evacuation data under normal state has been collected and analyzed,through which the efficiency and security of the evacuation can be judged,and bottlenecks can be found and then improved in order to improve evacuation efficiency under non-normal state.Considering of the practical significance,a 4-docks passenger ship on a popular domestic travel route is chosen,and got its structural layout,population distribution,pedestrian density and people velocity in evacuation,and used IMO standards on calculating and analyzing to do data processing,and found bottlenecks and potential hazards in the evacuation.Appropriate mitigation measures of existing ships and suggestions on designing of new ships are proposed to advance the evacuation efficiency and safety in non-normal state such as fire,collision and so on.