柏拉图的正义理论探析

An analysis of Plato's theory of justice

柏拉图的《理想国》一书探讨了"什么是正义"的问题。对这一问题有两种解答:一是以色拉叙马库斯为代表的"强权即正义"的功利主义正义观;一是苏格拉底的"正义至善论"。对于哪一种观点最能代表柏拉图的真实意图,以及苏格拉底的理论是否有效反驳了这种功利主义正义观,一直存在争议。分析解读表明,苏格拉底的"正义至善论"才是柏拉图的正义理论的核心。这种"正义至善论"能够有效反驳这种功利主义正义观。

There are two views on Justice in Plato＇s Republic： one is the utilitarian interpretation of Thrasymachus＇ ＂justice is the interest of the stronger＂;the other is Socrates＇ theory of ＂Justice is a good＂.Which one can stand for Plato＇s real intention？ Does Socrates effectively refute the utilitarian view？ To these questions,different scholars have different answers.This paper tries to prove that Socrates＇ explanation of justice indeed refutes the utilitarian view and that it is the core of Plato＇s theory of justice.