“文化大革命”期间中国人口政策演变探讨

On the evolution of China's population policy during the "Great Cultural Revolution"

"文化大革命"时期是中国人口政策史上极为重要的时期,是中国传统的生育文化体系向现代生育文明转变的分水岭。从国家政策层面来看,"文化大革命"时期的人口政策可分为三个时段:1966年至1968年,政治动乱导致整个社会处于无序状态,传统的生育文化体系在社会上占支配地位,人口生产处于一种无管制的增长状态;1969年至1972年,面对严峻的人口形势,政府适时提出了"有计划地增长人口"的口号,但只是单个部门的单独行动,没有形成完整的政策体系,所取得的成果有限;1973年至1976年,国家在"有计划地增长人口"的基础上形成了"晚、稀、少"的人口政策,在控制人口增长方面取得了较好的预后效果。"文化大革命"期间人口政策的转变很大程度上改变了中国人的生育观念和生育价值取向,奠定了现行人口政策的根基。

The ＂Great Cultural Revolution＂ was an extremely important period in the history of China＇s population policy,during which the system of traditional birth culture changed to a watershed of modern birth of civilization.From the national policy＇s perspective,the ＂Great Cultural Revolution＂ period of population policy could be divided into three stages： from 1966 to 1968,political unrest led to a state of civil disorder throughout the community,and the system of traditional birth culture played a dominant role in the community.What＇s worse,the population production was in a recessive growth;from 1969 to 1972,in the face of serious population problems,the government made a timely manner ＂planned growth in population＂ slogan,but this was just a separate action of a single sector which did not form a complete policy system,only to achieve some limit results;from 1973 to 1976,the nation,in the basis of ＂planned growth in population＂,formed a ＂late marriage,long intervals and fewer children population policy,which had made a good prognostic effect in controlling population growth.The evolution of China＇s population policy in the third stage during the ＂Great Cultural Revolution＂ had greatly changed the concept of people＇s fertility and reproductive value orientation and laid the foundation for the current population policy.