岩溶地区隧道设计的几点思考及建议

Some Opinions and Suggestions on Tunnel Design in Karst Areas

岩溶地区隧道修建中出现的问题较多,尤其是岩溶水对施工安全、结构安全、运营安全的危害,并严重影响建设工期和工程投资。为此从岩溶发育的类型、岩溶对隧道工程的影响和危害等方面,通过近年在株六、渝怀、宜万等铁路项目的工程实例,对岩溶地区隧道工程设计理念、设计技术等进行了系统分析,提出了岩溶地区隧道工程的选线应尽量避开岩溶水的径流带及深部缓流带的建议;针对岩溶危害,在隧道结构设计时应结合安全评价,采取适宜的加强措施;岩溶水一般宜按"宜疏不宜堵"原则治理,辅助坑道、洞口设置等应重视对岩溶水引排的适应性。

There are numerous problems to be encountered when tunnels are constructed in karst areas.Of those problems the most prominent one is karst water which has a negative impact on construction safety,structural safety,operational safety,construction period and project cost.By studying karst development types as well as its influence and harm on tunnel projects,this paper taking the railway projects of Zhu-Liu,Yu-Huai and Yi-Wan as examples,systematically analysed the design concept and techniques of tunnel construction and provided the following suggestions： tunnel route in karst area should avoid the runoff zone and deep slowly-flowing zone of karst waters;in the tunnel structural design,safety evaluation and reinforcing measures should be taken into consideration;for dealing with karst water,draining is better than blocking;special attention should be given to the adaptability of service gallery and portal to karst water drainage.