铝对体外人胚大脑神经细胞毒作用的形态学观察

Morphological Changes of Human Embryonic Cerebral Neurocytes Induced by Aluminum Toxic Effects in Vitro

观察不同剂量的铝对体外人胚大脑神经细胞的毒性作用。方法：采用无血清体外细胞培养方法，将神经细胞分成对照组、低铝组和高铝组，以光镜和电镜观察其形态学变化。结果：（１）光镜观察显示，高铝组的细胞存活数低于对照组并有显著性差别（ Ｐ＜ ０． ０５），细胞突起较细疏，许多细胞界限不清，可见大量变性坏死细胞。（２）扫描电镜观察显示高铝组细胞表面皱缩，胞膜局部破损呈蜂窝状，突起短，数量少。（３）透射电镜观察显示高铝组表现为胞膜、核膜轻度肿胀，双层结构不清晰，胞膜可见局灶性降解，线粒体的内外膜及嵴结构不清晰，胞质内有大量的次级溶酶体、脂褐素及髓鞘样结构，胞质内和突起内的神经微丝微管排列紊乱。结论：高剂量铝可以抑制体外大脑神经细胞的生长发育，对神经细胞有一定的毒作用。高剂量铝对大脑神经细胞超微结构的损害主要表现为各种膜结构的损害及神经微丝微管排列紊乱。

Objective:To observe the toxic effects of aluminum on human embryonic cerebral neurocytes in vitro. Methods: The human embryonic cerebral neurocytes were divided into three groups(control, low and high Al groups). The growth develop- ment and morphology of neurocytes were observed by the light and electron microscopes. Results: The cell number of survival in high As group was significantly lower than that in control and low Al groups in vitro(P < 0. 05 ). The number of swelling, degenerative and necrotic cells was significantly increased in high Al group. The electron microscopy showed that the cell membrane structure was damaged in high Al group, there were a lot of second lysosomes lipofusin and myelinic changes in neurocytes, and the arrangement of microtubules in the processes was disordered. Conclusion: The growth, development and function of human embryonic cerebral neurocytes were inhibited in high Al group. The neurotoxicity of Al could be produced by the lipid peroxidation and the damage of the cell membrane.