6Bevan D C,Donati F.临床麻醉学[M].王伟鹏,李立环,译.北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:351-356.
7DU RAND I A, BARBER P V, GOLDRING J, et al. British Thoracic Society guideline for advanced di- agnostic and therapeutic flexible bronchoscopy in a- dults[J]. Tl'iorax, 2011,66 : 1 - 21.
8LEDER S B, ROSS D A, BRISKIN K B, et al. A prospective, double-blind, randomized study on the use of a topical anesthetic, vasoconstrictor, and pla- cebo during transnasal flexible fiheroptie endoscopy [J]. J Speech Lang Hear Res,1997,40:1352-1357.
9CHEUNG J, GOODMAN K, BAILEY R, et al. A randomized trial of topical anesthesia comparing lido- caine versus lidocaine plus xylometazoline for unse- dated transnasal upper gastrointestinal endoscopy [J]. Can J Gastroenterol, 2010,24 : 317- 321.