程序性死亡分子-1及其配体通路在眼科领域的研究进展

Research progress of programmed death-1 and its ligands pathway in ophthalmology

共刺激信号已经成为免疫学研究的一个热点。程序性死亡分子-1（PD-1）及其配体属于抑制性共刺激分子，其在自身免疫性疾病、器官移植排斥反应、病原微生物感染、肿瘤免疫逃逸等方面都发挥着重要作用。近年来，PD—1及其配体（PD-1／PD—L）通路在眼科方面的研究也取得了一定进展。眼部多种疾病和现象，如眼部免疫性疾病、眼部感染性疾病、眼部肿瘤、眼组织的免疫赦免等均发现有PD—1／PD—L通路的改变。这些发现不仅进一步阐明了一些眼部疾病的发病机制，而且为其预防和治疗提供了新的方向。就PD—1／PD—L通路的生物学特性及其在眼科生理病理中的研究进展进行综述。

Costimulatory signals have become a hot field in immunological researches. As co-inhibitory molecules,programmed death-1 （PD-1） and its ligands （PD-1/PD-L） have been demonstrated to play an important role in autoimmune disease,organ transplant rejection,microorganism infection,tumor immune escapes etc.. In recent years,some studies about PD-1/PD-L pathway in ophthalmology have been curried out and reported. Some changes were found in PD-1/PD-L pathway, such as ocular immunologic diseases, ocular infectious diseases, ocular tumors, immune privilege in ocular tissues and so on. Through the research on PD-1/PD-L pathway, we can further understand the pathogenesis of some ocular diseases and find new methods for their prevention and treatments. This article reviewed the recent advances in PD-1/PD-L pathway in ophthalmological physiopathology.