深圳市居住区绿地植物冠层格局对微气候的影响

Effects of green space vegetation canopy pattern on the microclimate in residential quarters of Shenzhen City

选取深圳市3个典型居住小区为研究对象,利用实地观测及景观格局分析方法,探讨居住区绿地植物冠层格局特征对微气候的影响.各小区内布设22～26个观测点,以测点周边20 m×20 m范围为一个样区,将样区划分为有植物冠层遮盖和无植物冠层遮盖两种斑块类型,计算了斑块密度和景观聚集度两种格局指数,分析了样区内绿化植物冠层格局指数与温湿度之间的关系.结果表明:深圳市绿地冠层格局显著影响其温、湿度调控效应,温度调控能力主要来自绿地植物的遮荫作用,还与绿地的植物绿量有关;裸露地表聚集度的增加对绿地温湿度调控功能有显著的负面影响;居住小区绿地的温湿度调控能力主要来自乔木树种.

Based on field survey and landscape pattern analysis,this paper studied the effects of green space vegetation canopy on the microclimate in three typical residential quarters in Shenzhen City.In each of the residential quarters,22-26 points were chosen for meteorological observation;and around each of the observation points,a 20 m×20 m quadrat was installed,with each quadrat divided into two different patches,one covered by vegetation canopy and the another no-covered.The patch density index（Dp） and contagion index（CONTAG） in each quadrat were calculated to analyze the relationships between vegetation canopy pattern index and microclimate in each point.The results showed that the green space vegetation canopy pattern in Shenzhen had significant regulation effect on temperature and humidity.The cooling effect was mainly from the shading effect of vegetation,and also,correlated with vegetation quantity.The increase in the CONTAG of bare surface had obvious negative effects on the regulation effect of vegetation on microclimate.The regulation capability of green space vegetation on the temperature and humidity in residential quarters mainly came from tall arbor species.