安徽省铜陵市生态效率变化及其驱动因素

Eco-efficiency change and its driving factors in Tongling City of Anhui Province

首次应用物质流分析(material flow analysis,MFA)方法构建了三层面区域生态效率评价指标体系,其指标分别为:区域直接生态效率(regional direct eco-efficiency,RDE)、区域总体生态效率(regional total eco-efficiency,RTE)、整体生态效率(holistic eco-efficiency,HE),采用数据包络分析(data envelopment analysis,DEA)方法评价了铜陵市1990—2008年间的区域生态效率.本文同时引入莫氏生产力指数(Malmquist productivity index,MPI)研究了相邻年份区域生态效率变化,并找出其生态效率变化的驱动因素.结果表明:1)铜陵市区域直接生态效率虽得到了不断提升,但相对区域总体生态效率和区域整体生态效率而言,其相对生态效率均值不高,80%左右年份的相对生态效率在0.8以下;2)铜陵市直接生态效率的持续增长与铜陵市多年来不断加大资源利用和环境保护技术投入密切相关.为进一步提高直接生态效率,铜陵市既可以通过扩大原材料进口、减少本地采掘实现,又可以通过提高资源生产率、增加环保基础设施投入实现.

This paper first applied material flow analysis（MFA） to construct three levels of regional eco-efficiency indicators,i.e.,regional direct eco-efficiency（RDE）,regional total eco-efficiency（RTE）,and holistic eco-efficiency（HE）,and adopted the newly developed data envelopment analysis（DEA） to evaluate the eco-efficiency of Tongling City during the period of 1990-2008.We also applied Malmquist productivity index（MPI） to explore the eco-efficiency change between two following years and its driving factors.The main results were summarized as 1） though the RDE of Tongling City in 1990-2008 kept an increasing trend,its mean eco-efficiency was not high（close to 0.8 in 80% of the years）,being lower than that of the RTE and HE,and 2） the RDE change was closely relevant to the improvement in resource management and the technical input in environmental protection in recent years.In order to further improve the RDE of the City,it would be necessary to raise its eco-efficiency via expanding raw material input,reducing domestic extraction,promoting resources productivity,and taking more measures on environmental protection faci-lities construction.