足月儿与早产儿排尿方式的比较研究

目的探讨足月儿与早产儿出生后排尿方式的不同。方法选取21）10年3月至5月人住郑州大学第一附属医院新生儿室的出生后3～7d足月儿12例与早产儿14例作为研究对象，足月儿孕（38．3±1．I）周，体重（3．1±0．4）kg，早产儿孕（32．5±1．6）周，体重（1．7±0．4）kg。观察新生儿在12h内（上午9点至晚上9点）的自南排尿情况，记录每次排尿量、残余尿量、排尿时的意识状态（清醒／睡眠）、排尿次数及排尿时间等参数，同时记录饮奶量、液体输入量及摄入时间，液体摄入量按标准进行。每次排尿量等于排尿后尿垫重量减去排尿前尿垫重量，残余尿量由超声检测仪测得。共观察记录了220例次。结果每次排尿量、残余尿量、排尿次数、排尿时意识清醒状态百分比在足月儿分别为（19．8±10．9）ml、（1．55±1．01）ml、（7．2±1．9）次、（43．5±26．8）％，而在早产儿则分别为（11．1±7．5）ml、（1．82±0．88）ml、（9．6±2．5）次、（24．7±19．1）％。二组数据相比，早产儿的每次排尿量及排尿时意识清醒状态百分比小于足月儿，残余尿量及排尿次数大于足月儿，均具有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论足月儿与早产儿排尿方式明显不同，提示足月儿膀胱功能的发育优于早产儿，早产儿膀胱功能及其受控制的神经系统发育较足月儿明显延迟。

Objective To study the voiding patterns of term and preterm newborns.Methods Between March 2010 and May 2010,26 hospitalized newborns aged 3 to 7 days at this center were recruited in this study.In these patients,12 were term newborns,with an average gestational age of (38.3 ± 1.1 ) weeks,weight of (3.1 ± 0.4) kg,14 were preterm newborns with an average gestational age of (32.5 ± 1.6) weeks,and weight of (1.7 ± 0.4) kg.The voiding volumes (VV),post-void residual volumes (PRV),state of consciousness at voiding,voiding time (VT),voiding frequency (VF)in 12 hours as well as the volume of milk and liquid fed in the same time frame were recorded and analyzed retrospectively.Results In the term newborns,the VV and consciousness voiding rate were significantly higher compared with the preterm newborns [VV and consciousness voiding rate,( 19.8 ±10.9) ml (43.5 ± 26.8%) vs (11.1 ± 7.5) ml (24.7 ± 19.1 %),P＜0.05].However,the PRV and VF were significant lower in term newborns [PRV and VF,(1.55 ± 1.01 ) ml (7.2 ± 1.9) times vs (1.82 ± 0.88) ml (9.6 ± 2.5) times,P＜0.05].Conclusions Incomplete voiding pattern exists in term and preterm newborns.The better urodynamic parameters of the term newborns indicate the term newborns have better mature bladder function than preterm newborns.