高温结构金属间化合物及其强韧化机理

High temperature structural intermetallics and their strengthening-softening mechanisms

综述了自1988年以来中国科学院高温合金和金属间化合物研究组(郭建亭研究组)在高温结构金属间化合物NiAl及其合金、Ni3Al及其合金、FeAl和Fe3Al及其合金、TiAl合金以及金属间化合物环境脆性方面的主要研究成果:NiAl合金超塑性的发现及其机理研究;稀土元素改善NiAl合金的室温塑性和高温抗氧化性能;NiAl合金的韧脆转变行为及其机理;纳米晶NiAl合金及其复合材料的强韧化;内生颗粒增强NiAl基复合材料及强韧化机制;NiAl合金良好的耐高温摩擦磨损性能及自润滑机理的发现;NiAl中合金元素的作用与JJ-3合金的发展;在国际上首先发现适量Zr可韧化无硼Ni3Al合金;为使Ni3Al强韧化硼含量应加至溶解度附近;FeAl合金反常屈服峰的发现及其机理研究;微量Mg可明显改善FeAl和Fe3Al合金的室温塑性;TiAl-W-Si合金的组织、相转变和界面精细结构;金属间化合物的环境脆性实质是氢致脆性;在国际上首先用第一原理方法(DVM)研究了L12型CO3Ti的环境脆性。

This review summarizes the main research results of the studies on high temperature structural intermetallic NiAl and its alloys,Ni3Al and its alloys,FeAl and its alloys,Fe3Al and its alloys,TiAl alloys,and environmental embrittlement in intermetallics in the research group of superallloys and intermetallics（the author＇s group） in the past 20 years since 1988.This paper introduces discovery of the superplasticity and its mechanisms of the NiAl alloys,selective addition of rare earth to significantly improve room temperature ductility and high temperature oxidation resistance of NiAl alloys,Brittle to ductile transition（BDT） and its mechanisms of the NiAl alloys,mechanisms of strengthening and toughening of nanocrystalline NiAl and its nanocomposites,in-situ particle-reinforced NiAl composites and mechanisms of strengthening and toughening,discovery of excellent high temperature friction and wear property of NiAl alloy and self-lubrication mechanism,effect of alloying element and development of JJ-3 alloy,discovery of selective addition of Zr to improve ductility of B-free Ni3Al alloys firstly in the world,discovery of improvement of strengthening and toughening of Ni3Al with addition of B content to around solubility,discovery of anomalous yield peak in FeAl alloys and its mechanism,selective addition of Mg to significantly improve room temperature ductility and its mechanism,the microstructure,phase transition and interface microstructure of TiAl-W-Si alloy,discovery of environmental embrittlement of intermetallics with its essence being hydrogen induced embrittlement,and investigation of environmental embrittlement and its mechanism of L12-type Co3Ti alloy with first principle method DVM firstly in the world.