DNA甲基化在动植物遗传育种中的研究进展

Progress of DNA Methylation in Genetics and Breeding of Plant and Animal

DNA甲基化是真核生物表观遗传学重要的机制之一,对基因转录水平的表达具有重要的调控作用。近年来,DNA甲基化在动植物遗传育种领域的研究引起了人们广泛的关注。我们从DNA甲基化与基因的表达调控、动植物基因组的甲基化状态、甲基敏感扩增片段多态性方法、DNA甲基化与杂种优势,以及DNA甲基化与分子标记等方面,简要综述了国内外有关DNA甲基化在动植物遗传育种研究中的进展,着重于全基因组DNA甲基化模式在动植物遗传育种中的相关研究和应用。

As one of the important epigenetic mechanisms in eukaryotes, DNA methylation plays a crucial role in regulation of gene expression in mRNA level. In recent years, more attention was paid upon DNA methylation in plant and animal genetics and breeding. The progresses in this area were reviewed as following： mechanisms of DNA methylation on regulation of gene expression, DNA methylation patterns in genome of plant and animal, method of methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism, DNA methylation and heterosis, and DNA methylation and molecular marker, with the emphasis on the research and applications of DNA methylation patterns in whole genome in plant and animal genetics and breeding.