政策网络视角下中韩性别失衡治理比较研究

Comparative Study on Governances of Imbalanced Sex Ratio between South Korea and Developed Province in China: Perspective from Policy Network

利用已有的数据和研究成果,基于政策网络的视角,从治理主体、治理结构、治理工具、治理机制四个维度来比较分析韩国与中国三个经济发达省份性别失衡的治理措施。结果表明,经济发展对性别失衡态势的变化存在着双面影响;虽然韩国和中国三省的出生性别比均呈现了先上升后下降的态势,但下降的路径和机制存在差异;政策网络中多元化的治理主体是治理性别失衡的关键,韩国在治理主体、治理结构和治理机制方面均注重政府和公民社会互动,从而增强政策网络的开放性,治理工具主要侧重于与性别平等相关的政策法规的制定,性别失衡治理效果显著。中国三省的治理主体、治理结构和机制均以政府为主导,治理工具也以直接治理为主,性别失衡虽然有所改善,但性别比下降是由于政策强有力干预而超前于自发下降的过程。因此,中国三省及其他省份应该抓住目前治理的有利时机,加强性别失衡治理政策网络的开放性。

Using existing data and research findings and based on comparability between South Korea and China＇s developed provinces with similar experience such as Shandong province, Zhejiang province and Guangdong province, this paper compares governance measures of imbalanced sex ratio among this regions from perspective of policy network which contains four dimensions： governance subject, governance structures, governance tools and governance mechanisms. The result shows that there is two - sided influence of economic development on the trend of imbalanced sex ratio. Although the trend of sex ratio at birth of these regions all has raised then dropped, the path and mechanism is very different. Diversified governance subject in policy network is the key of governances of imbalanced sex ratio. The governance in South Korea gained success because it paid attention to interaction between government and civil society to enhance the opening of policy network, and governance tools focused on national laws and regulations about gender equality. The governance outcome of three provi- dences in China has improved but the drop of sex ratio this is an un - spontaneous process under government heavy interventions, as their governance subject, structures and mechanisms are dominated by government, and governance tools just focused on the direct governance measures. Therefore, it is the hard time that Shandong province, Zhejiang province, Guangdong province and others provinces in China seize current advantageous opportunity to adjust and enhance the opening of policy network on governance of imbalanced sex ratio.