某矿接镍作业的劳动卫生学调查研究

OCCUPATIONAL NICKEL EXPOSURE SURVEY OF A NICKEL MINE

1984—1985年在某镍矿的采矿、选矿、冶炼及机修厂(对照)进行了劳动卫生条件和工人健康状况的调查。生产环境空气监测结果表明,空气中钴、砷、铬、锰浓度均很低,二氧化硫浓度仅偶有超标。空气中镍浓度,机修厂低于其余三个厂,采矿、选矿又显著低于冶炼,各主要生产岗位和工种的平均浓度均在1mg/m^3以下。工人健康检查结果(n=348)提示,症状和体征出现率与空气镍浓度之间未见到有规律性的联系;尿镍与空气镍浓度两者之间基本平行。认为车间空气镍低于1mg/m^3对作业工人健康状况无明显影响。

During 1984-1985 a field survey of occupational nickel exposure and workers' health status was conducted in workshops of mining,ore dressing, smelting and machine shop,which were afiliated with a nickel mine in Sichun.The results of enveronmental monitoring showed that concentrations of Co, As,Cr and Mn in the air of workplaces were very low ; concentration of sulfur dioxide occasionally exceeded MAC.Airborne nickel in machine shop(control)was lower than those in three nickel manufacturing workshops, and nickel concentrations in mining and ore dressing workshops were significantly lower than that in smelting workshop.Average concentrations of airborne nickel were below 1 mg/ m3 in essential workplaces.The results of surveillance on workers health sta-tus(n = 348) suggested that no association of regularity could be found between the incidences of symptoms and signs and airborne nickel exposure, but urine nickel basically paralleled the airborne nickel level. It was considered that significant health effects would not occur whenever nickel concentration was not higher than 1mg/m3 in the air of workplace.