上颌第三磨牙根尖孔形态的体外研究及临床意义

In vitro study on the morphology of the apical foramen of the maxillary third molars and its clinical significance.

目的:研究国人离体上颌第三磨牙的根尖孔位置和形态特征,以期为临床治疗提供解剖学依据。方法:收集离体上颌第三磨牙共130个,通过体视显微镜,并用配套的软件拍摄,观察根尖孔的位置、形状,测量孔径大小及根尖孔至解剖根尖的距离。结果:①根尖孔位于根尖顶点者占27.61%,位于旁侧者占72.39%。②130个上颌第三磨牙根尖孔形状可分为3型:圆形53个,占19.78%;椭圆形120个,占44.78%;不规则形95个,占35.44%。③上颌第三磨牙根尖孔直径为(0.27+0.14)mm,最大径为1.21 mm,最小径为0.05 mm。④根尖孔至解剖根尖的距离为(0.75+0.42)mm。结论:掌握上颌第三磨牙的根尖解剖形态特点对根管治疗的临床操作具有指导作用。

Objective：To investigate the location and the morphology of the foramen on the apex of maxillary third molars in Chinese population.Method：A total of 130 extracted human maxillary third molars were evaluated,using a computer-aided optical stereomicroscope to an accuracy of 0.01 mm at 40X magnification.The distance from the anatomical root apex to the apical foramen and the diameter of the foramen were measured,and its location and shape were recorded.Result：the foramen was at the tip of the root in 27.61 % of teeth;the round and oral shape accounted for 64.56 %;the mean diameter of the foramen was（0.27＋0.14）mm;the mean distance between the foramen and the anatomical root apex was（0.75＋0.42）mm.Conclusion：knowledge of the morphology of the apical foramen of the maxillary third may Provide anatomic evidence for clinic.