不同Rht基因在冬小麦育种中的利弊分析

Analysises of Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Rht Dwarfing Genes in Winter Wheat Breeding

利用携 带不同 Ｒｈｔ 矮秆基 因的６ 个 冬 小麦 近等 基 因系， 进行 了 两年 试 验，研 究了 不 同矮秆基因 在育种 中的利用 价值。结 果表明： Ｒｈｔ１ 和 Ｒｈｔ２ 两 个半矮 秆基因显 著提高了 单株（ 或 单穗）粒数和 粒重、经 济系数和 倒二叶面 积，较 Ｒｈｔ３ 和高秆系 显著降 低了千粒 重； Ｒｈｔ３ 矮 秆基因对 单株粒数、单 株产量 和 穗 粒 数 均 有 负 向 作 用， 显 著 提 高 了 千 粒 重 ； Ｒｈｔ１ ＋ Ｒｈｔ２ 较 高 秆 系 和 Ｒｈｔ２＋ Ｒｈｔ３ 系比 较显著 提高了经 济系数 ； Ｒｈｔ２ ＋ Ｒｈｔ３ 对产 量构成 因子和经 济系数 均有负向 作用；以上５ 种 矮秆基因 型均有 显著的降 秆作用， 但对旗叶 面积和 穗长无影 响。

The ultilization value of different dwarfing genes in winter wheat breeding was studied by using 6 near isogenic lines carrying different Rht dwarfing genes over two years experiments.Results showed that both Rht1 and Rht2 as semi dwarting gene had significantly positive effects on kernels number and grain weight per plant or per spike,harvest index and the area of boot leaf, and had significantly negative effect on 1000 grain weight comparing with tall line and Rht3 line.Rht3 as a dwarfing gene had significantly negative effect on Kernel number and grain yield per plant and kernel number per spike and had positive effect on 1000 grain weight.The interaction between Rht1 and Rht2 showed significantly positive effect on harvest index comparing with tall line and Rht2+Rht3 line.The Rht2+Rht3 genetype showed significantly negative effect on yield components and harvest index.All of these 5 genotypes mentioned above had significantly negative effect on plant height and no effect on the area of flag leaf and spike length.