中亚五国水资源及其开发利用评价

Assessment of Water Resources Development and Utilization in the Five Central Asia Countries

中亚五国地处欧亚大陆腹地,地理条件封闭,跨界河流众多,水资源形成区与消耗区严重不一致,水资源利用问题及矛盾十分突出,是全球跨界河流水资源开发利用与生态环境保护问题的典型代表,开展中亚水资源及其开发利用研究,对研究跨界河流及干旱区水资源可持续利用具有十分重要的借鉴意义。在介绍中亚五国及其主要河流概况,评价提出中亚五国地表、地下水资源量及其分布特点的基础上,阐述了中亚五国人口及城市化、经济发展与产业结构、耕地及其历史演变,分析了中亚五国的水资源开发利用现状,并对开发利用中存在的问题进行了综述总结。

The five central Asian countries locate in the hinterland of Eurasian continent,whose geographical state is closed with many trans-boundary rivers.The water resources form area and consume area are not consistent in the five countries.Therefore,water resources development and utilization and the contradict between the two parts are serious,which makes the five countries become the representation of water resources development and utilization and the ecological environment protection among the global trans-boundary rivers.As a result,studying the central Asian water resources condition and development and utilization is of great significance to study the sustainable use method of trans-boundary rivers and arid area water resources.On the basis of the introduction the five central Asian countries and their main rivers,giving the assessment method of surface and ground water quantity and distribution characteristic,the paper elaborates the population and urbanization,economic growth and industrial structure,farmland and historical development of the five countries,analyzes the water resources development and utilization state of the five central Asian five countries,and also gives the summary of the problems during the process of water resources development and utilization.