哈萨克斯坦水资源及其开发利用

An Analysis of Water Resources Development in Kazakhstan and Water Problems

无论是国土面积、矿产资源、水资源,还是总人口或经济总量,哈萨克斯坦均是中亚地区的"大国",其水资源开发利用在中亚极具代表性,研究其水资源问题对中亚地区人—水和谐及水资源持续利用具有重要的理论价值和借鉴意义。简述了哈萨克斯坦共和国自然地理与水资源条件,分析评价了其地表、地下及总水资源量。并在概述哈萨克斯坦社会经济及独立后的发展演变的基础上,回顾了哈萨克斯坦水资源开发利用工程及灌溉系统建设历史沿革,并重点分析了哈萨克斯坦水资源开发利用现状(包括引用水总量、农业用水和供需状况)及1991年以来的演变情况,最后对其水资源开发利用存在的现实问题进行了诊断分析。

Kazakhstan occupies an important position in central Asian area from the angle of country area,mine resources,water resources,population and economic aggregate.The Kazakhstan′s water resources development and utilization state has representation in central Asian area.Therefore,studying Kazakhstan′s water resources has important theory value and significance to maintain the man-water harmony and water resources sustainable development of central Asian area.The paper introduces the physical geography and water resources condition in brief,gives an assessment to surface and ground water quantity,and also total amount of water resources.Based on the overview of the economic society and development after its independence,the paper reviews the process of water resources engineering and irrigation system,especially gives an analysis of Kazakhstan′s water resources development and utilization（including total amount of water consumption,agricultural water and supply-need condition） and development circumstance after 1991 in detail,and gives an judgment to actual problems during water resources development and utilization.Finally,the paper makes an deep analysis of the related problems in the water exploitation.