黏膜免疫系统和黏膜疫苗

Mucosal immune system and mucosal vaccines

局部及全身的黏膜免疫反应,特别是黏膜表面的分泌型IgA,对抵御经呼吸道、消化道或泌尿生殖道等黏膜表面入侵的病原体有着非常重要的作用。诱导黏膜免疫应答最有效的方式就是将抗原直接接种到黏膜表面,但是这种直接接种并不容易诱导具有保护效果的免疫应答。到目前为止,仅有少数几种黏膜疫苗获准在人体应用。本文简述了黏膜免疫系统的结构及功能,并对现有的及正在研发中的黏膜疫苗进行了总结概括。

Increasing evidence has suggested that mucosal immune responses, especially secretary IgA （sIgA）, play an important role in protection against the entry of pathogens through mucosae surfaces such as the respiratory, gastrointestinal or urogenital mucosae. Mucosal immune responses are the most efficiently induced by the administration of antigens onto mucosal surfaces, but such immunization strategy is not liable to induce systemic and mucosal protective immune responses. As a result, only a few of mucosal vaccines are currently approved for human use. This review aims to provide a brief overview on structure and function of the mucosal immune system and some mucosal vaccines being used and developed nowadays.