JC病毒研究进展

Research progress of JC virus

JC病毒为小双链DNA病毒,在人群中广泛感染,只有一种血清型,可分为30多个基因型。JC病毒可垂直传播,也可通过呼吸道、消化道传播。严重免疫抑制患者感染JC病毒后可引起进行性多灶性脑白质病(progressive multifocal leukoen-cephalopathy,PML),而CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞对感染后是否发病起关键作用。JC病毒对培养细胞和实验动物有很强的致癌潜能,与人类肿瘤存在一定关联性。对感染者的尿液、脑脊液、血液及病变组织进行JC病毒DNA检测和对活组织进行原位杂交及免疫组化检测等为确定JC病毒感染的主要手段,而抗体检测并非确证存在活动性PML的可靠方法。目前没有针对JC病毒有效的抗病毒药物,应用高效抗反转录病毒治疗来获得免疫重建是治疗HIV/AIDS患者感染JC病毒引起PML最好的方法。

JC virus （JCV） is a small double strands DNA virus which causes widespread infection in the human population. It has only one serotype and is classified into more than 30 genotypes. JCV can be transmitted vertically and by respiratory and ali- mentary routes. The patients with severe immunosuppression are likely to develop progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy （PML） after JCV infection, and CD4^＋/CD8^＋ T lymphocytes play a major role in the incidence of PML after JCV infection. Extensive oncogenic potential of JCV has been verified in cultured ceils and experimental animals, and a certain relationship between JCV and human carcinomas is found as well. The main means to determine JCV infection are detection of JCV DNA via PCR in the samples of patients＇ urine, cerebrospinal fluid, blood and affected tissues, or detection by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in live tissue. However, JCV antibody testing is not a reliable method to confirm the presence of active PML. At present, there is no effective antiviral agent for JCV infection. Highly active antiretroviral therapy is the best option for HIV/AIDS patients who develop PML caused by JCV infection to achieve immunologic reconstitution.