长白山自然保护区旅游资源开发的生态环境影响及其保护

THE INFLUENCE OF TOURISM RESOURCE EXPLOITATION ON ECO_ENVIRONMENT IN THE CHANGBAI MOUNTAIN NATURE RESERVE AND THE PROTECTION COUNTERMEASURES

长白山自然保护区属世界自然保留地之一的国家级森林和野生动物类型自然保护区。它以其自然景观绚丽、生物种源丰富、生态系统完整享誉全世界。曾以独特的“天然”、“原始”状态，成为环境背景值研究监测的理想场所。旅游资源开发带来明显的经济效益，同时也造成保护区的环境污染和生态破坏。保护区内开展旅游必须遵循适度开必、合理保护的原则，强调生态旅游，妥善处理保护与开发的关系。应尽快制定自然保护区环境规划，进行有效环境综合整治和科学管理。

The Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve is a nature reserve of state_class forest and wildlife,which belongs to one of the world nature reservations. It enjoys great prestige all over the world for its magnificently natural landscape,rich biological species source and complete ecosystem. It was once an ideal place for the research and monitoring of environmental background value due to its unique 'natural' and 'virain' state. Tourism resource exploitation has brought about great economic benefits at the cost of ecological deterioration. Now there is no overall planing for tourism exploitation; tourist facilities are concentrated on birch forest valley with high ecological protection value and dense scenic spots; core scenic spots without tourist conditions are opened;the environment is not managed well. So the eco_environment is deteriorated seriously; state_class protected plants are endangered; wild animals decreased obviously; aquatic environment is polluted; natural landscape aesthetics value is damaged. The government and management sectords should change their thoughts, obey the principle of proper exploitation and reasonable protection,work out the overall planning of the environment of the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve as soon as possible; adjust the division of the internal function areas in the reserve;determine tourist environment capacity reasonably; enlarge ice_snow tourist activities; control tourist scale of summer and autumn. From now on the principle of 'tourist within the reserve, service without the reserve' should be implemented, the built items should be strengthened, landscape harmony should be improved and raised, as for the places where there is soil erosion and vegetation is damaged, construction units must take the measures of ecological restoration. Tourist environment should be strengthened by laws.