蓄电池厂工人血铅水平的相关因素研究

Study on correlation factors of blood lead level in workers of storage battery plant

目的探讨铅作业工人体内血铅水平的影响因素。方法选择扬州市某蓄电池厂从事涂膏、打磨、铸造、化成、总装、装配等男性铅作业工人130人,采用统一设计的调查问卷,对其吸烟、饮酒等生活和卫生习惯进行调查记录,测定其血铅含量,并对其工作岗位空气中铅浓度进行现场检测。在此基础上,进行相关因素的单因素分析和多元逐步回归分析。结果检测在正常生产时进行,共设检测点32个,合格点4个,合格率12.5%。铅尘最高超过时间加权平均容许浓度(PC-TWA)174倍(叠片岗位),铅烟最高超标17倍(烧焊岗位);工人的平均血铅水平(238.08±6.71)μg/L,范围64.96～505.80μg/L。单因素分析显示工人是否吸烟、饮酒、每天饮水量、进食饮水前洗手习惯和平时所从事体力劳动的强度、工作时空气中的铅浓度高低均可对血铅水平产生一定影响(P<0.20);进一步对铅接触工人铅中毒的危险因素进行多元线性回归分析表明,随着工作场所铅浓度的升高,血铅值也随之升高,吸烟者的血铅值亦比不吸烟者要高。结论该厂的工作场所空气中铅浓度合格率低,工人血铅水平普遍较高;工作场所空气中铅浓度较高和吸烟是工人血铅水平增高的危险因素。

Objective To explore the correlation factors which might affect the blood lead level of workers in storage battery plant.Methods One hundred and thirty male workers engaged in lead works such as smearing,polishing,casting,forming,acidizing and assembling in Yangzhou storage battery plant were selected as study objects.Their life and health habits,such as smoking,drinking etc.were investigated by questionnaire;the blood lead level of the workers and lead concentration in the air near their job-sites were also measured.Then,the univariate analysis and multiple stepwise regression were performed to clarify the correlation factors.Results The results showed that the qualified rate of air lead concentration in examined 32 job-sites was only 12.5%,the lead dust concentration in the air sample from laminating post site was 174 times beyond the national hygienic standard（PC-TWA）,and the lead fume concentration in welding site was 17 times beyond PCTWA,while the mean blood lead level of those lead workers was（238.08±6.71）μg/L（64.96～505.80 μg/L）.The univariate analysis showed that,smoking,drinking,daily drinking volume,hands-washing habit before eating or drinking,labor intensity and lead concentration in the air of the working site were somewhat correlated with the blood lead levels（P0.20）.The further analysis using multiple stepwise regression method showed that lead concentration in workplace air（X1）and smoking（X2）were the main impact factors,the regression equation is Y=10.658＋1.14X1＋0.989X2.Conclusion The plant had lower qualified rate of air lead levels at workplaces and higher blood lead levels of lead workers,and the higher lead concentrations in the air of workplace and smoking habits of workers were the hazardous factors for elevated blood lead level.