论我国船舶污染损害赔偿立法的完善

On the Legislative Improvement of Vessel-source Pollution and Damage Compensation

为了减少和防止船舶污染海洋环境以及赔偿污染受害者的损失进而保护海洋环境,国际社会和各主要航运国家都非常重视船舶污染损害赔偿立法。目前我国还没有一部调整船舶污染损害赔偿的专门法律,相关规定十分分散。虽然2010年开始实施的《防污条例》代表着我国船舶污染损害赔偿立法的进步,并有交通部新出台的《船舶油污保险办法》在船舶污染强制保险制度领域配套实施,但是关于船舶污染损害赔偿基金的立法仍是空白,使得我国无法在真正意义上建立船舶污染损害赔偿法律制度,无法实行与国际接轨的双重赔偿机制。加强船舶污染损害赔偿基金立法,要坚持国际通行的双重赔偿机制,扩大摊款石油的范围、设立应急专项基金、明确基金来源及其管理机构的法律地位。

Major shipping countries in international communities pay close attention to the legislation of vessel-source pollution and damage compensation in order to decrease pollution and prevent marine environment from pollution, compensate the losses of pollution victims, thereby protecting ocean environment. At present, there is no specific law for damage compensation of vessel pollution. Although Anti-pollution Statute saw the progress of our legislation in this field and the Oil Pollution Insurance Scheme issued by the Ministry of Communications was implemented, there is still a vacancy in the legislation of vessel pollution compensation, which fails to gear into international rule of dual-compensation mechanism. To strengthen legislation of compensation fund, we should adhere to double-compensation system of international practice, extend the scope of contributing oil, establish a special fund for emergency, and clarify the source of funds and the legal status of management organization.