高位池养虾对土壤微生物脂肪酸和土壤酶活及其表征的土壤质量的影响

Effects of Shrimp Aquaculture on the Quality of Upland Pond Soil Indicated by Microbial FAME and Enzyme Activity

为评价高位池养虾对土壤质量的影响,通过脂肪酸分析和土壤酶活测定比较海南岛白马井镇高位池土壤与原始土壤微生物群落结构与活性的变化.结果显示,高位池土壤的pH值和盐分含量显著升高,有机质和总N显著下降(P<0.05).脂肪酸分析表明,高位池土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌和微生物总量都显著下降(P<0.05),尤其真菌急剧下降(P<0.05),放线菌未检测到.土壤脱氢酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性在高位池土壤中也显著下降(P<0.05).总之,微生物群落结构显著变化,微生物生物量和活性在高位池土壤中都显著下降,表明长期的高位池养虾导致了土壤质量的下降.

With the rapid expanding of shrimp aquaculture,upland ponds have been built extensively along the sea coast in southern China.In order to evaluate the influence of shrimp aquaculture on soil quality,soil samples were collected from a typical site,Baimajing of the Hainan Island.Analyses of fatty acid methyl ester（FAME） and soil enzyme activities were done to monitor and compare the changes in soil microbial community compositions and activities.The pH and salinity of upland pond soil were significantly higher than control,but organic matter and total N showed adverse pattern（P0.05）.The fatty acid of bacteria,fungi and actinobacteria declined significantly in upland pond soil,even the fungi decreased sharply（P0.05） and actinobacteria could not be detected.The three enzymatic activities（dehydrogenase,urease,and acid phosphatase） also decreased significantly（P0.05）.These results showed that the soil would be degraded after long-term shrimp aquaculture.