长江上游地区的生态环境与可持续发展战略

Ecological Environment and Strategies of Sustainable Development on The Upper Reaches of The Yangtze River

长江上游流域面积１０５４万ｋｍ２，是我国藏、羌、彝等少数民族的主要聚居区。该区是长江流域的重要生态屏障和典型生态脆弱地区，同时也是联结我国东西部和南北部的结合带，拥有得天独厚的自然资源优势，是长江产业带的重要组成部分。目前长江上游自然植被覆盖率降低，水土流失加剧，自然灾害频发。基于这种生态环境退化的现状和区域特点，该区生态环境建设与流域可持续发展应以“近期遏制恶化，中期治理恢复，最终持续发展”为目标，以“快速、经济、参与”为指导思想和原则，采取突出重点生态类型区域，分步实施，加强科技投入，开展关键技术试验示范攻关，发展以资源导向为主的区域经济的综合建设措施。

The upper reaches of the Yangtze River are situated in western China.It covers an area of 105.4 square kilometers and is the main region for the inhabitation of ethnic people,such as Tibetan,Qiang and Yi etc.The area is an ecologically protective screen to the Yangtze River basin and a typical ecotone in China.As an important component of the industrial belt of Yangtze River,it is abundant in natural resources and forms an important base for further development.However,this region has appeared seriously ecological degradation,such as the fast dwindling of forest resources,growing water and soil loss and frequently natural hazards.According to this eco environmental situation,authors suggested that it should be regarded as a goal of ecological restoration and sustainable development in the area to lighten the degradation in the near future,restore ecological environment in the middle future and strengthen the regional sustainable development in the last.With the principle,“economic,fast and participation”,it should be an important way for sustainable development to stress the demonstration in major eco environmental zones,increase investment,enhance researches on the mechanism of degradation and build up restoring model with advanced techniques.Only in this way,the regional economics with natural resources orientation and ecological restoration itself could be sustainable.