施肥对黑麦草生长和产量的影响

Effect of fertilization on growth and yield of Lolium multiflorum

通过大田试验,研究了不同施肥措施对一年生黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)生长、叶绿素含量和鲜草产量的影响。结果表明,氮磷钾肥配合施用(NPK)、等氮量的有机肥(OM)处理均显著促进黑麦草的生长和提高其鲜草产量。NPK处理的黑麦草分蘖数、株高、表观叶面积较不施肥对照(CK)、不施氮(PK)和不施磷(NK)处理均有显著增加,OM处理与NPK处理的生长状况基本一致。NPK和OM处理明显提高黑麦草叶片叶绿素含量,NPK处理的叶绿素a含量分别比CK、PK、NK和不施钾(NP)处理增加了205.6%、189.5%、29.9%和3.1%,叶绿素b含量分别增加了292.3%、218.8%、50.0%和2.0%,OM处理和NPK处理效果相当。NPK处理的鲜草产量分别比CK、PK、NK和NP处理增加了255.0%、329.1%、37.5%和9.0%。N、P、K 3种养分的施用效果顺序为N>P>K,有机肥施用效果与NPK化肥配合施用处理基本相当。

Effect of fertilization on growth,content of chlorophyll and grass yield of Lolium multiflorum was studied through the field trail.The results of this study showed that the treatments of NPK combined fertilization and organic manure（OM） with same N content had significantly promoted growth and fresh grass yield of L.multiflorum.The plant tillers,height and the apparent leaf area of L.multiflorum under NPK treatment were significant higher than these under CK,PK and NK treatments,and the OM treatment was similar to NPK treatment.The NPK and OM treatments obviously increased the content of chlorophyll.The content of chlorophyll a of L.multiflorum under NPK treatment was 205.6%,189.5%,29.9% and 3.1% higher than that under CK,PK,NK and NP treatments,respectively,and the content of chlorophyll b of L.multiflorum under NPK treatment was 292.3%,218.8%,50.0% and 2.0% higher than that under CK,PK,NK and NP treatments,respectively.The fresh yield of L.multiflorum treated with NPK combination fertilizer could rise by 255.0%,329.1%,37.5% and 9.0% compared with CK,PK,NK and NP treatments,respectively.The results of this study also indicated that the N fertilizer significantly promoted the L.multiflorum growth,and the impacts of P and K fertilizer were relatively lower.The effects of OM treatment were similar to NPK combined fertilization treatment.