认知信息的详尽度与锚定对决策策略的影响

The Effect of the Extent of Cognitive Information and Anchoring on the Strategies of Decision-making

以191名大学生为被试,采用2×3的完全组间设计,探讨不同认知信息详尽度和有无锚定材料条件下大学生决策策略类型的选择。结果发现:(1)认知信息详尽度对被试的决策策略选择的影响显著,被试在低认知信息详尽度水平下倾向于选择采用"维度比较策略",而在高认知信息详尽度水平下倾向于选择采用"综合比较策略",并且倾向程度差异显著。(2)锚定效应对决策策略选择的影响不显著,认知信息详尽度与锚定的交互作用也不显著。

Decision researchers have been paying close attention to the strategy of decision-making,and they have studied treatment of judgments and decision-making,gambling behavior,health behavior,social and decision-making and so on.However, there are fewer empirical researches with regard to cognitive factors influencing the strategy of decision-making.In recent years,the studies about the role of cognitive factors when making decision have been promoted in a deep-going way.As,people would be affected by initial information when making decision,namely,anchoring effect,we considered both cognitive information and anchoring.The research,which included preliminary experiment and formal experiment,was done in the situation of choosing a spouse.The main purpose of the preliminary experiment was to get the materials the formal experiment,imcluding detailed descriptions about academic achievement,social skills,eloquence,intelligence,character,appearance,family background and soon,as well as the weight of these dimensions.These seven dimensions referred to Experiment 1 from the article of Implicit Social Cognition：the Background Effect of Individual Social Decision（Fan Xiaohong Zhou Aibao,2002）.In the formal experiment,191 undergraduate students were selected randomly as the subjects and tested by a 2（the extent of cognitive information：large,small） by 3（no anchor,intelligence anchor, academic achievement anchor） between-group design,which was to explore the effect of the extent of cognitive information and anchoring on the strategies of decision-making.The dependent variable was the strategy of decision-making（strategy of dimension, strategy of integration）：the first question was entitled alternative strategy of decision-making;the second question continuously measured the tendency to choose the type of strategy of decision-making,and the higher scores on the alternative options showed the higher tendency of the strategy of decision-making（Yang Zhiliang Li Zhaoxu,2004）. The following results were obtained：（1） the extent of cognitive information had a significant effect on the subjects＇ choices among the decision-making strategies,propensity to the strategy of dimension arose from a great extent of cognitive information,while strategy of integration was preferred upon less cognitive information;（2） the anchoring effect was not significant,and the interaction effect of the extent of cognitive information and anchoring was not significant,either,This result showed that the emphasized information before making decision did not affect individual choices according to the known information,that is,other temporary information had a slight effect on individual decisions.But these decisions had common characters,including that,the concept of subjective perceptions had majority proportion and a relatively large impact on an individual＇s lifelong development.