水能资源开发生态补偿的测算方法与标准探讨

The Evaluation Method and Standard of Ecosystem Compensation in Developing Hydropower

文章将河流生态系统分成16种服务功能,探讨了水能资源开发对生态环境影响的价值量测算的原理和方法,接着分析了生态补偿的原理和测算方法,讨论了确定生态补偿标准的原则和类型,最后以福建省建瓯市北津水电项目为例,测算该项目对生态环境的影响的价值量,探讨了生态补偿的标准。研究发现,该项目具有正的外部性,正效益为12 344.55万元,负效益为-893.87万元,总的净效益在11 450.68万元,其中发电收益为8 280万元,生态补偿数额范围在生态损失价值的1～7.25倍之间。

The services of river ecosystem are made up of sixteen functions, and the principle and the evaluation methods of the ecosystem effects for the development of hydropower are discussed. The theory and accounting methods of ecosystem compensation are then analyzed. The principle and type of the standard of ecosystem compensation are discussed. Last Beijing hydropower project in Jian＇ou city of Fujian province is studied as a case in ecosystem effects evaluating and standards setting of ecosystem compensation. It can be found that there exists positive externality for this project, the positive value is 123.44 million Yuan, and the negative value is 8.93 million Yuan, the total net effect is 114.51 million Yuan, including power generation revenue 82.8 million Yuan. The scope of ecosystem compensation is between 1 and 7.25 times of the loss of ecosystem.