激励手段与海洋资源的可持续利用与管理——兼析澳大利亚海洋政策的政策手段

Research on the Incentive Instruments Supporting the Sustainable Use and Management of Marine Resources

海洋资源的可持续利用及其管理需要多种激励手段,包括财政和经济手段、法律手段、教育、共同管理、行业自律以及基于社区的管理机制和科研等。1998年,澳大利亚政府制定并正式通过了一项"海洋政策",旨在为有效管理和可持续利用其专属经济区内的海洋资源提供有力的政策支持。文章通过介绍此政策下的一些政策手段,总结出了一些有助于实现海洋资源可持续利用与管理的有效激励手段,同时也提出了激励手段的评估标准和设计激励手段时应遵循的主要原则。

The sustainable uses and management of marine resources need various incentive instruments. The term incentive instrument includes financial and economic instruments as well as legal and regulatory instruments, education, co-management, voluntary approaches, community-based mechanisms and research. In 1998, the Australian Government ratified the ＂Oceans Policy＂ which provides a policy framework to effectively manage the resources and uses of the Australian Exclusive Economic Zone. This paper discusses a wide range of policy instruments and exemplifies their potential role for the management of marine resources and uses. A set of criteria is established for the evaluation of individual incentive instruments. They are further placed in the context of a series of principles for policy design.