卡特政府从韩国撤军政策变化初探

On the Modification about U.S.Military Withdrawal from ROK during the Carter Administration

卡特政府撤出驻韩美军地面部队政策的制定与实施,是20世纪70年代后半期美国对韩政策的重要组成部分。这是美国战略思想转变的结果,也是卡特政府力图在朝鲜半岛避免直接卷入军事冲突的考虑。该政策从制定到终止,此中的缘由经纬万端。来自政府内部、军界和国会等相关各方的反对及卡特政府对日、对苏政策的综合考虑等,均为卡特政府终止该政策的原因。同时,美国对朝情报分析结果及"韩国门"事件也是卡特政府终止撤出驻韩美军地面部队的因素之一。国际局势变化促使驻韩美军以美国国家利益为主线在"撤"与"留"之间徘徊。

The formation of the plan to withdraw the U.S.ground forces from ROK during the Carter Administration was one of the American critical foreign policies towards ROK in the second half of the 1970s.The alternation of U.S.strategic thoughts,as well as the attempt to avoid direct involvement in the military conflicts on Korean Peninsula,led to the rearrangement of its policy.However,there were many other complicated reasons for this,as well.Among other things,the opposition against Carter's plan from both the military officers and Congress,and the considerations about the policies towards Japan and USSR,were the primary causes.Simultaneously,the new results from the intelligence analyses about DPRK and 'Korean Gate Accident' also played key roles.And the U.S.Army's 'withdrawal' and its 'retention' policies,focusing on its national interest,moved up and down in line with the changes of the international situations.