液力变矩器轴向载荷三维流场的数值计算

Three-dimensional Flow Field Numerical Calculation of Axial Load in a Torque Converter

作用在液力变矩器工作轮上的轴向载荷的大小对液力变矩器的工作可靠性和寿命会产生重要影响。通过三维流场数值模拟,得到典型工况下单个循环流道液流的速度分布和压力分布,在此基础上可计算出液力变矩器的轴向载荷。以D245综合式液力变矩器为例,利用CFD软件进行了轴向载荷的计算,结果表明:运用三维流场理论进行循环液流的流场计算,其误差可控制在5～8%范围内;运用三维流场理论计算的轴向载荷较之一维束流理论计算的结果要更精确:综合式液力变矩器工作中轴向载荷的大小随转速比的变化呈一定规律,即随转速比i的降低,各工作轮的轴向力均增大,当i=0时轴向载荷达到最大值。

The axial load of a torque converter has a great effect on its functional reliahility and life. By three-dimensinnal numerical simulation, the axial load of torque converter was calculated after obtaining the velocity and the pressure of single circulating flow under the typical working condition. Taking the type of D245 torque converter-coupling as an example, the numerical results of axial load were sloved by computational fluid dynamics（CFD） software. Compared with test data, the error of flow calculation was in the range of 5 - 8% ; The results of axial load calculated by three-dimensional flow theory were more precision than those calculated by one-dimensional theory; Axial load changed with the speed ratio and followed a certain rule, that was lower the speed ratio, higher the axial load and it was the maximum when i = 0.