多光谱遥感在重大自然灾害评估中的应用与展望

Application and Prospect of Multi-Spectral Remote Sensing in Major Natural Disaster Assessment

重大自然灾害发生后,及时、准确的灾情评估对决策部门制定科学和有效的救灾减灾方案具有关键性的作用。多光谱遥感具有数据获取范围广、速度快等特点,应用在灾害评估中具有非常大的优势和潜力。在我国近年来的多次重大自然灾害评估中,多光谱遥感技术都发挥了重要的作用。该文首先以地震灾害、洪涝灾害和干旱灾害为例,简要总结了多光谱遥感在重大自然灾害评估中的具体应用情况。其次对多光谱遥感在重大自然灾害评估在应用过程中存在的数据源相对不足和应用的广度和深度不够的问题进行了分析。最后对今后扩展多光谱遥感数据的获取手段、建立重大自然灾害遥感评估指标体系和完善多光谱遥感评估技术体系等发展方向进行了展望。

After the occurrence of major natural disasters,it is of great significance that disaster states are assessed timely and accurately for decision-making departments to draw up effective response programs.Multi-spectral remote sensing has a great advantage and potential in disaster assessment,with the characteristics of a wide range of data acquisition,high speed,etc.In several major natural disaster assessments in China,multi-spectral remote sensing technology has played an important role.Firstly,the present paper takes earthquake disasters,floods disasters and drought disasters as examples to summarize the specific applications of major natural disaster assessment based on the multi-spectral remote sensing.Secondly,in these specific applications they suffer from both relative shortage of data sources and limited breadth and depth of application;both of these problems are analyzed.Finally,the future development direction of major natural disaster assessment based on the multi-spectral remote sensing,such as the expansion of multi-spectral remote sensing data acquisition means,the establishment of major natural disasters assessment index system based on remote sensing,and the improvement of the assessment technology system based on multi-spectral remote sensing are also discussed.