中国文物彩绘常用胶料的显微共聚焦拉曼光谱特征研究

Confocal Micro Raman Spectroscopy for the Identification of the Binder Used in Chinese Painted Cultural Relics

为了鉴定文物彩绘中常用胶料的种类,文章采用显微共聚焦拉曼光谱技术分析了猪皮胶、猪骨胶、蛋清、蛋黄、桃胶等中国古代文物彩绘常用胶料。通过对五种标准胶料的拉曼光谱分析,发现蛋白类胶料和桃胶的拉曼光谱存在明显差别,桃胶在1 463及1 088cm-1处存在两个糖类化合物的特征振动峰。虽然蛋白类胶料间的拉曼光谱具有一定的相似性,但也各有其特点。猪皮胶在1 737cm-1附近存在一个羰基的特征振动峰;猪骨胶在962cm-1处存在一个磷酸盐的特征振动峰;蛋清在1 535～1 555及759cm-1附近分别存在色氨酸残基及蛋氨酸残基的振动峰;蛋黄除了具备蛋清的特点外,在1 749cm-1附近还存在一个羰基的特征振动峰。通过各种胶料光谱特征的分析,证明使用拉曼光谱法可实现文物彩绘常用胶料种类的鉴别。

For identification of the binder used in Chinese painted cultural relics,the micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to test the pig skin glue,pig bone glue,egg yolk,egg white and peach glue which were commonly used as binder in the relics.The difference between proteinaceous binder and peach glue are distinctly.According to the analysis of their Raman spectrum,the vibrations located at 1 463 and 1 088 cm-1are the features of peach glue.The four kinds of proteinaceous binder also have respective features of their own,although there are many common features in their Raman spectrum.The vibration of 1 737 cm-1 is the feature of pig skin glue,and tie pig bone glue has the feature of vibration located in 962 cm-1.The vibrations of 1 535～1 555 and 759 cm-1 are the features of egg,including egg yolk and egg white.And the egg yolk has another vibration located at 1 749 cm-1 which is different from egg white.It was concluded that the binder can be identified based on the features of Raman spectrum.